Impacts on Avian Wildlife

Documented effects of noise on wildlife behavior include shifts in vocalizations, foraging behavior, mating behavior, vigilance, movement, and physiology. Shannon et al. (2016) concluded that noise is detrimental to wildlife and natural ecosystems and noise effects span from the cellular to the ecosystem scale and from the individual to the community scale.

Further Reading

Effects of Noise on Wildlife

Multi-Element Analysis of Blood Samples in a Passerine Species: Excesses and Deficiencies of Trace Elements in an Urbanization Study

Sub-lethal exposure to lead is associated with heightened aggression in an urban songbird

Could lead contamination mean fewer mockingbirds?

Blood lead increases and haemoglobin decreases in urban birds along a soil contamination gradient in a mining city

Songbird annual productivity declines with increasing soil lead contamination around nests

Lead poisoning of passerines at a trap and skeet range

Urban metal pollution explains variation in reproductive outputs in great tits and blue tits

Is lead making birds more aggressive? Tulane researchers investigate

The Urban Lead (Pb) Burden in Humans, Animals and the Natural Environment

Lead exposure is correlated with reduced nesting success of an urban songbird

Effects of Lead Exposure on Birds Breeding in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District

Ecological Soil Screening Levels for Lead | Interim Final

Metal pollution indirectly increases oxidative stress in great tit (Parus major) nestlings

The city blues of an iridescent canary: physiological, behavioral,
and developmental impacts of lead (Pb) on songbirds along anand developmental impacts of lead (Pb) on songbirds along an
urban-to-rural gradienturban-to-rural gradient

Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Lead (Pb) Affects Ecologically Relevant Behaviors in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)